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Panchang
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How to read Panchanga
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Here we make an attempt to describe the complex system
of reading a panchanga for the benefit of a lay
person and a novice. We do not claim that the
following description is technically correct,
as scholars would expect. This is intended to
give a fair idea about reading a panchanga for
the day-to-day needs.
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Tithi, Waar, Nakshatra, Yoga and Karana are the vital
among the several parameters of time measuring.
The publication that describes these five parameters
together is called panchanga. These five parameters
are presented in the same order in any panchanga.
Span of each of these parameters is different,
so is beginning and ending of each of them.
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Following is the method to read the panchanga for a particular day:
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A typical page of the panchanga has the first horizontal
row which gives shaka, samvatsara name, chaandra
maasa, paksha (viz. shukla, the waxing phase of
moon or krishna, the waning phase of moon), the
particular Gregorian month and year, the Hizari
year, Samvat year and the Parsi year. Second row
has headings for the respective columns, which
include tithi. Waar. Ending time of the tithi.
Nakshatra, the constellation close to the Moon.
Ending time of the Nakshatra (the time when the
moon leaves the particular constellation. Yoga
(a relatively complex parameter linked to positions
of Sun and Moon). Ending time of yoga. Karana
(the half portion of a tithi). Ending time of
karana. Dinamaana, the time span between sunrise
and sunset. Hizari year date. Sun rise. Sun set.
Time of the moon entering a particular zodiac
sign and the Gregorian date.
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The next column in the same row contains raatrimaana
(the gap between sunset and sunrise) of the last
day of the relevant fortnight, the ayanansh, name
of the prevailing ayana and ritu (season). Note:
The panchangas measure the day continuously from
a sunrise to another sunrise. That is, if the
day begins with the sunrise at 06:20 hours, the
time is measured continuously upto the next sun
rise which may go beyond 24 hours� count. So whenever
one comes across the timing like 29:33 hours in
the panchanga, just deduct 24 from it to get the
next morning timing viz. 5:33 hours in this case.
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Next>>>
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Let us read the panchanga of, say, October 7th,
2000. Open the page containing October 7th,
2000.(refer to the Gregorian date column).
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Refer
to the uppermost row of the table.
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It tells us that the particular date (October
7th, 2000.) falls under shaka 1921 which is the
Pramaathi Samvatsara, the Hindu month of Aashwina,
Shukla paksha - the waxing phase of moon.
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The column on right in the second row
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denotes that the day is in dakshinayana -the Sun moving
towards (southern) makara vritta (the tropic of
Capricorn) and the Sharad ritu.
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The
row for this date reads:
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At
the sunrise the tithi was navami, that is the
9th lunar date, and the weekday is Tuesday.
The third column conveys the change of tithi.
Here it changes at 8:25 hours and the dashami,
the 10th lunar date of Ashwina begins.
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Next column tells us that the moon is in Shravana nakshatra
and it leaves the constellation at 11:53 hours.
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The next ten columns if referred to their headings
can be understood trivially. (In case of karana
which the half part of a tithi, the Date Panchanga
mentions only first half, since the second half
ends with the end of the particular tithi. Yet
it needs an expert�s advice to determine the karana
for a particular moment.)
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The
next wide column to the Gregorian date
contains the shastrartha for the day. For October 7th,
2000. it says that the day is Mahanavami and it
is of navaratrotthapana -end of navaratra, the
Vijaya Dashami or the Dasara Day. The rest of
the information of the day continues elsewhere
on the same page with a reference to the same
Gregorian date in parenthesis.
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To understand the general bearing of the particular
day refer to the shubhaashubha
divasa, auspicious-inauspicious days column
placed next to the kundali -the chart on the page.
There are a few vital things to be remembered
while reading the panchanga. Among the tithis
coming in succession, the missing number of tithi
is always considered as kshaya or eliminated tithi.
This is considered inauspicious. Similarly, when
a tithi repeats it becomes vriddhi, additional
tithi. This too is considered inauspicious. Among
the inauspicious tithis are all the 13th and 14th
tithis in krishna paksha - the waning phase of
the moon, all the New Moon days and all the 1st
tithi of shuddha paksha, the waxing phase of the
moon.
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Of all the constellations, Pushya is considered inauspicious
for weddings while Bharani, Krittikaa, Aashleshaa
and Vishaakhaa are considered inauspicious for
a majority of tasks. |
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